Protocolo de uso de los sistemas de velcros yuxtapuestos para el abordaje de úlceras venosas de piernas en el Servicio Andaluz de Salud / Protocol for the use of juxtaposed velcro systems to address venous leg ulcers in the Andalusian Health Service

Objetivos: El objetivo principal de este estudio es elaborar un protocolo de indicación de los sistemas de velcros yuxtapuestos para el abordaje de la úlcera venosa de pierna en el Servicio Andaluz de Salud. Para su consecución se llevó a cabo un análisis de coste-efectividad de los diferentes sistemas de vendas existentes como productos sanitarios para el tratamiento de úlceras de etiología venosa, donde se evaluó los sistemas de velcros yuxtapuestos para su incorporación e inclusión en la plataforma logística del sistema sanitario público andaluz. Para su consecución, se llevó a cabo un análisis de la evidencia disponibles sobre los del sistema de velcros yuxtapuestos en pacientes con úlceras venosas de piernas. Y finalmente se desarrollaron los criterios de autorización en el uso de los sistemas de velcros yuxtapuestos por parte de los profesionales sanitarios del sistema sanitario público andaluz. Resultados: El sistema de vendas de velcros yuxtapuestos está avalado por la evidencia científica para su empleo en úlceras venosas en miembro inferior, así como para el tratamiento para la prevención de las recidivas. Asimismo, en este artículo se compara el sistema de vendas de velcros yuxtapuestos con otros sistemas de vendas instaurados, y muestra ser un producto sanitario coste-efectivo. Discusión: El sistema de vendaje de velcros yuxtapuestos proporciona una autonomía y una mejora de la calidad de vida a los pacientes con dificultades para usar una media o que no tengan posibilidad de que un profesional sanitario realice los cambios de vendaje. Es un sistema coste-efectivo para el tratamiento de las úlceras venosas de pierna.(AU)

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to develop a protocol for the indication of juxtaposed velcro systems for the approach to UVP in the Andalusian Health Service. To achieve this, a cost-effectiveness analysis of the different bandage systems existing as sanitary products for the treatment of ulcers of venous etiology was carried out, where the juxtaposed velcro systems were evaluated for their incorporation and inclusion in the logistics platform of the Andalusian public health system (SSPA). To achieve this, an analysis of the available evidence on the juxtaposed velcro system in patients with UVP was carried out. And finally, the authorization criteria for the use of juxtaposed velcro systems by health professionals of the SSPA were developed. Results: The juxtaposed velcro bandage system is supported by scientific evidence for its use in venous ulcers in the lower limb, as well as for treatment to prevent recurrences. Likewise, in this article it is compared with other established bandage systems, showing it to be a cost-effective health product. Discussion: The juxtaposed velcro bandage system provides autonomy and an improvement in the quality of life for those patients with difficulties in wearing a stocking or who do not have the possibility of a healthcare professional making bandage changes. Being a cost-effective system for the treatment of venous leg ulcers.(AU)

Burden and Epidemiology of Human Intestinal Giardia duodenalis Infection in Colombia: A Systematic Review.

The genus Giardia is a unicellular protozoan able to parasitize both humans and animals. Cysts of Giardia can be found in soil samples, aquatic environments, food, and any surface that gets in contact with the feces of parasitized animals. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the burden and epidemiology of Giardia infection in Colombia summarizing recent scientific reports and existing knowledge and to identify knowledge gaps that may be addressed in future investigations. This work follows the guidelines established by "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes" (PRISMA). Published scientific literature from 1 January 2010 to 18 September 2022 was searched in six electronic scientific databases using the search terms: "Giardia" OR "Giardiasis" AND "Colombia". Twenty-three scientific articles were performed in 22 departments of Colombia at rural, urban, and a combination of rural and urban contexts. The prevalence of Giardia in the Colombian population was between 0.9 and 48.1% when the samples were analyzed with classical microscopy; the range of Giardia prevalence was even bigger (4.2-100%) when qPCR and nested PCR were used. The dominant Giardia assemblages found in Colombia were A and B, and most frequent subassemblages were AII, BIII, and BIV.

Molecular identification of Giardia spp. in Latin America: An updated systematic review on reports from 2017 to 2021.

BACKGROUND: Giardia spp. is the most common protozoan found in coproparasitoscopic tests; it is the cause of gastrointestinal discomfort, with a high prevalence in children and in low-income areas. This systematic review updates available literature on molecular identification of Giardia spp. in Latin America during 2017 to 2021. METHODOLOGY: The guidelines established in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used; the study covers the period from January 1, 2017 to October 03, 2021; the search focused on the "molecular identification of Giardia spp. in Latin America" in six different scientific databases. The material found was reviewed to select only those papers that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: The search yielded 1036 publications, but only 19 investigations in 6 countries (Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, and Venezuela) met the selection criteria. Most were cross-sectional studies carried out in school-age children, the dominant assemblages were A and B while the most frequent subassemblages were AII, BIII and BIV, the most used target genes were tpi and gdh, the prevalence by molecular methods was higher regarding microscopy, the countries with the highest prevalence percentages for Giardiosis were Brazil and Cuba. CONCLUSIONS: More Latin America countries need to generate data of prevalence, incidence, and intensity of Giardiosis. Studies are also needed to estimate the costs of Giardiosis on economic productivity and public health. The present systematic review offers evidence based on the current literature available for the molecular identification of Giardia spp. in Latin America during 2017 to 2021.

Using demographic data to understand the distribution of H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics cases among federal entities and municipalities of Mexico.

BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the second global health emergency the world has faced in less than two decades, after the H1N1 Influenza pandemic in 2009-2010. Spread of pandemics is frequently associated with increased population size and population density. The geographical scales (national, regional or local scale) are key elements in determining the correlation between demographic factors and the spread of outbreaks. The aims of this study were: (a) to collect the Mexican data related to the two pandemics; (b) to create thematic maps using federal and municipal geographic scales; (c) to investigate the correlations between the pandemics indicators (numbers of contagious and deaths) and demographic patterns (population size and density). METHODS: The demographic patterns of all Mexican Federal Entities and all municipalities were taken from the database of "Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía" (INEGI). The data of "Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades" (CENAPRECE) and the geoportal of Mexico Government were also used in our analysis. The results are presented by means of tables, graphs and thematic maps. A Spearman correlation was used to assess the associations between the pandemics indicators and the demographic patterns. Correlations with a p value < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The confirmed cases (ccH1N1) and deaths (dH1N1) registered during the H1N1 Influenza pandemic were 72.4 thousand and 1.2 thousand respectively. Mexico City (CDMX) was the most affected area by the pandemic with 8,502 ccH1N1 and 152 dH1N1. The ccH1N1 and dH1N1 were positively correlated to demographic patterns; p-values higher than the level of marginal significance were found analyzing the % ccH1N1 and the % dH1N1 vs the population density. The COVID-19 pandemic data indicated 75.0 million confirmed cases (ccCOVID-19) and 1.6 million deaths (dCOVID-19) worldwide, as of date. The CDMX, where 264,330 infections were recorded, is the national epicenter of the pandemic. The federal scale did not allow to observe the correlation between demographic data and pandemic indicators; hence the next step was to choose a more detailed geographical scale (municipal basis). The ccCOVID-19 and dCOVID-19 (municipal basis) were highly correlated with demographic patterns; also the % ccCOVID-19 and % dCOVID-19 were moderately correlated with demographic patterns. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of COVID-19 pandemic is much greater than the H1N1 Influenza pandemic. The CDMX was the national epicenter in both pandemics. The federal scale did not allow to evaluate the correlation between exanimated demographic variables and the spread of infections, but the municipal basis allowed the identification of local variations and "red zones" such as the delegation of Iztapalapa and Gustavo A. Madero in CDMX.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 pandemic in America: A preliminary systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: On the eleventh of March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic by the number of cases and deaths worldwide: more than 91.1 million confirmed cases and approx. 1.9 million deaths globally, as of date. The aims of this systematic review were to identify and to evaluate the reports associated on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 pandemic in America. METHODOLOGY: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted for searching reports published from December 2019 to September 2020, regarding "COVID-19 KAP" across six electronic databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken up to select the articles and focus to the topic. RESULTS: Thirteen scientific papers were finally eligible and included in this systematic review. The surveys were directed to common citizens, healthcare workers and patients with chronic conditions. General public acquired information about COVID-19 mainly through social media; several misconceptions due to falsehoods circulating on-line were identified. The pandemic COVID-19 has severely affected the physical and emotional health of many people in America. Nevertheless, many American citizens do not recognize or have poor knowledge about COVID-19 risks. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review brings information for governments and scientific community that may be useful in the development of official awareness and prevention campaigns aiming mainly at marginated groups of the society.

Resultados clinicos de las enfermeras de practica avanzada en heridas cronicas complejas en Andalucia / Clinical results of the nurses of advanced practice in complex chronic wounds in Andalucia

OBJETIVO: Describir y analizar el rol clínico de la enfermera de práctica avanzada en heridas crónicas complejas (EPA-HCC) en Andalucía, en cuanto al seguimiento de pacientes con heridas crónicas. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo transversal en los distritos Poniente de Almería, del A. G. C. Jaén Norte-Nordeste, A. G. S. Serranía de Málaga y Distrito Metropolitano de Granada entre junio del 2015 y junio del 2018, midiendo variables descriptivas como: diagnóstico etiológico de las heridas crónicas, tiempo de evolución antes de ser remitidos a EPA-HCC, tasas de cicatrización, mejoría, empeoramiento, total de heridas crónicas, tasas de derivación desde EPA-HCC a hospitales. RESULTADOS: Se realizó seguimiento de un total de 767 personas con heridas crónicas, donde el 70% de todas ellas fueron úlceras por presión, úlceras venosas y lesiones de pie diabético, con una media de evolución de todas las lesiones de 21 meses y cuya derivación por parte de las EPA-HCC hacia los especialistas hospitalarios fue del 13,82%, siendo más del 86,18% (n = 661) de los pacientes gestionados de forma eficaz por las EPA-HCC. La derivación directa de los pacientes a consulta de especialistas médicos desde la implantación de la figura fue tan solo del 5%, con el importante ahorro en coste que esto supuso; además, las EPA-HCC atendieron a casi una de cada 4 heridas crónicas, datos estos que solo hicieron referencia a la atención directa, no de consultoría. CONCLUSIONES: El rol clínico y coordinación que desempeñaron las EPA-HCC en los pacientes con heridas crónicas es efectiva en la mejora de los cuidados

OBJECTIVE: To describe and to analyze the clinical role performed by the advanced practice nurse in complex chronic wounds (APN-CCW) in Andalusia, regarding the follow-up of patients with chronic wounds. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study in the Poniente of Almería Districts, of the H. M. A. Jaén North-Northeast, H. M. A. Serranía de Málaga and the Metropolitan District of Granada between June 2015 and June 2018, measuring descriptive variables such as: etiological diagnosis of chronic wounds, evolution time before referring to APN-CCW, healing, improvement, worsening and deaths rates, total of chronic wounds, referral rates from APN-CCW to hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 767 people with chronic wounds were followed up, and 70% of all of them were pressure ulcers, venous ulcers and diabetic feet, with an average of 21 months- evolution of all injuries and whose derivation from APN-CCW to hospital specialists was 13.82%, with more than a 86.18% (n=661) of patients effectively managed by APN-CCW. The direct derivation of patients to the medical specialists office since the implementation of the figure was only 5%, with the significant cost savings that this supposed, besides, the APN-CCW attended almost one in every 4 chronic wounds, no consulting. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical role and coordination of the APN-CCW in patients with chronic wounds is effective in improving care

The Effectiveness of Advanced Practice Nurses with Respect to Complex Chronic Wounds in the Management of Venous Ulcers.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of advanced practice nurses with respect to complex chronic wounds (APN-CCWs) in the care of patients with venous ulcers. A multicentric, quasi-experimental pre-post study was conducted without a control group in the sanitary management areas where the APN-CCW program is being piloted. The intervention consisted of a mass training of clinical nurses from the participating districts on the proper management of injuries and the use of compression therapy. The data were collected through a specifically constructed questionnaire with questions regarding descriptive variables of injuries and their treatment. A total of 643 professionals responded (response rate of 89.1%), attending to a total population of 707,814 inhabitants. An increase in multilayer bandage use by 15.67%, an increase in elastic bandage use by 13.24%, and a significant decrease in the referral of patients to consultation with hospital specialists was achieved, from 21.08% to 12.34%. The number of patients referred to the APNs was 13.25%, which implied a resolution rate of 94.08% of their injuries. In conclusion, the coordination by the APN-CCWs in patients with venous ulcers was effective in improving the continuity of care, in the optimization of resources, and in their care role.

Efectividad de la enfermera de práctica avanzada en el cuidado de los pacientes con úlceras por presión en atención primaria / Effectiveness of the advanced practice nurse in the care of patients with pressure ulcers in primary care

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la EPA-HCC en el cuidado de los pacientes con úlceras por presión. Métodos: Se realiza un estudio de tipo cuasi experimental, multicéntrico, con dos mediciones sin grupo control, en cuanto a las medidas preventivas y tratamientos aplicados a pacientes con úlceras por presión (UPP) en los distritos o áreas de gestión sanitaria donde se está pilotando la EPA-HCC: Distrito Sanitario Poniente, Área de Gestión Sanitaria Jaén Norte-Nordeste y Área de Gestión Sanitaria Serranía de Ronda, entre septiembre 2015 y octubre 2016. Se utilizó un documento autoadministrado ad-hoc para todas las enfermeras que tenían pacientes a su cargo, y se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los mismos. Resultados: Respondieron un total de 335 profesionales en 2015 y 308 en 2016 (tasa de respuesta del 89,1%); los tres distritos atienden a una población total de 707.814 habitantes. En cuanto a las medidas preventivas del uso de sistemas especiales para el manejo de la presión (SEMP), se ha producido un incremento de un 6% en su uso de un año a otro, un descenso de un 4% del total de UPP, un descenso en el consumo de apósitos de hidrofibra con plata casi del 50% y un descenso de la escala RESVECH en un 52% del primer año al segundo. Conclusiones: Se constata una mejora en la optimización de los recursos, en las medidas preventivas puestas en marcha para conseguir los objetivos marcados y se crea la necesidad de seguir formando en tratamientos locales y tipos de desbridamientos a realizar

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of EPA-HCC in the care of patients with pressure ulcers. Methods: A multi-center quasiexperimental study with two measurements without a control group was carried out, in terms of preventive measures and treatments applied to patients with UPP in the Districts or Sanitary Management Areas where the EPA-HCC is being piloted: District Sanitario Poniente, Jaén North-Northeast Health Management Area, Serrania de Ronda Sanitary Management Area, between September 2015 and October 2016. A self-administered ad-hoc document was used for all the nurses who had patients under their care, performing a descriptive analysis thereof. Results: A total of 335 professionals responded in 2015 and 308 in 2016 (response rate of 89.1%), attending the three districts to a total population of 707,814 inhabitants. Regarding the preventive measures of the use of Special Systems for the Management of the Pressure (SEMP) there has been an increase of 6% its use from one year to another, a decrease of 4% the total of UPP, a decrease in the consumption of hydrofiber dressings with silver almost 50% and with a decrease of RESVECH in 52% of the first year to the second. Conclusions: There is an improvement in the optimization of resources, in the preventive measures put in place to achieve the objectives set and the need to continue training in local treatments and types of debridement to be created

Heridas en Consultas de Enfermería de Atención Primaria ¿Qué lesión genera mayor carga de trabajo? / Wounds in primary nursing care: what injuries cause an increased workload in terms of nursing time?

Introducción. El cuidado de las personas con heridas supone un aumento de la carga de trabajo en las consultas de enfermería en Atención Primaria. Objetivo. Describir las características de las lesiones de la integridad cutánea y analizar la carga laboral medida en tiempo de enfermería. Metodología. Estudio analítico multicéntrico urbano y transversal realizado en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria en los centros de salud de Castellón de la Plana, Denia, Granada, Madrid y Logroño, durante los meses de enero y febrero de 2016. Resultados. La población incluida en los 6 centros de salud participantes era de 74 277 habitantes > 15 años. Se realizaron un total de 1105 observaciones. Un 56.2 % de estas se realizaron sobre lesiones de EEII y un 43 8 % sobre heridas quirúrgicas. En el 38.5 % se realizó el procedimiento clínico de cura (PCC) en menos de 15 minutos. El resto de PCC superaron este tiempo. Discusión. La ausencia de bibliografía sobre el tema nos impide realizar comparaciones entre estudios. Pese a tener el material disponible en más de la mitad de los centros de salud a estudio, solo un 1 % de las intervenciones terapéuticas sobre úlceras venosas se realizaron con vendas multicapas en kit. Conclusiones. Son las lesiones en las EEII las que generan mayor carga de trabajo efectiva en las consultas de enfermería a demanda (AU)

Introduction. Wound care represents a significant workload in primary health care nursing consultations. Objective. To analyze the characteristics of injuries causing deterioration of cutaneous integrity, which pose an increased workload in nursing consultations in terms of nursing time. Methodology. An urban and cross multicenter analytical study in primary health care centers of Castellon de la Plana, Denia, Granada, Madrid and Logroño, between January and February 2016. Results. The 6 participating health care centers had a population assignation of 74,277 inhabitants > 15 years old. A total of 1,105 observations were performed: 56.2 % were on lower extremity wounds and 43.8 % on surgical wounds. 38.5 % of treated wounds required a clinical cure procedure that was accomplished in less than 15 minutes. The remaining clinical cure procedures exceeded the aforementioned time. Discussion. The lack of literature on the subject prevents comparisons between studies. Despite material availability in more than half of the study’s health care centers, only 1 % of therapeutic interventions on venous ulcers were performed with multilayer bandage kits. CONCLUSIONS. Lower extremity wounds generate an increased workload in nursing consultations on demand. The administration should adjust appointments to real-time needs for treatment, or assign different time slots depending on whether patients have surgical or lower extremity injuries (AU)

[How to evaluate nursing procedures for bedsores, or decubitus ulcers by means of a codified and computerized record-keeping system]. / Evaluar los procedimientos enfermeros en UPP mediante un sistema de registro codificado e informatizado.

Bedsores, or decubitus ulcers, are a very serious health problem in our society which has more elderly people all the time. Clinical files, whether they record preventive care or actual treatment and follow-up analysis of results, are a challenge for nursing practice. Therefore, the authors developed a simple, easy to use and fill out document: a "File to record the evolution, care and treatment of bedsores". Treatment methods are recorded by means of previously designated numerical codes corresponding to the treatment methods carried out which enables their subsequent computerization and makes it possible to analyze them. The results obtained permit nursing professionals to analyze work tasks assigned, treatment quality and the efficiency of procedures and products used: furthermore, this file enables nurses to elaborate a description of an elderly patient having multiple pathologies, a target for these lesions, and to establish a nursing treatment procedure especially adapted to the required treatment.